Biological Classification Class 11 Biology | NCERT Chapter 2 | CBSE | Kingdom Monera & Protista

LearnoHub - Class 11, 12・2 minutes read

Books are arranged for ease of accessing Biology books, with Living Organism Mass classified based on biological characteristics. Organism classification, starting with Aristotle and progressing to Carl Linnaeus and Robert Whittaker, focuses on distinct characteristics and methods of reproduction.

Insights

  • Books are arranged with Physics on one side and Chemistry on the other, making it easy to find a Biology book.
  • Aristotle classified animals based on the presence or absence of red blood and plants into three categories: Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees.
  • Bacteria in the Monera Kingdom are not all disease-causing; some are beneficial, and they reproduce through asexual fission or spores and sexual DNA transfer.

Get key ideas from YouTube videos. It’s free

Recent questions

  • What is biological classification?

    Biological classification involves categorizing organisms based on specific characteristics.

  • Who introduced the Two Kingdom Classification?

    Carl Linnaeus introduced the Two Kingdom Classification: Plantae and Animalia.

  • What are the characteristics of Monera bacteria?

    Bacteria in the Monera Kingdom are prokaryotic, lack distinct cell organelles, and are unicellular.

  • What is the significance of symbiotic relationships in bacteria?

    Symbiotic relationships exist between bacteria and other organisms, providing mutual benefits.

  • How do bacteria reproduce in the Monera Kingdom?

    Bacteria in the Monera Kingdom reproduce through asexual fission or spores and sexual DNA transfer.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Biological Classification: Simplifying Organism Study and Research

  • Books are arranged with Physics on one side and Chemistry on the other, making it easy to find a Biology book.
  • Living Organism Mass is classified based on biological characteristics.
  • Biological classification involves categorizing organisms based on specific characteristics.
  • Classification is done to make studying and researching living organisms easier.
  • Aristotle classified animals based on the presence or absence of red blood.
  • Aristotle also classified plants into three categories: Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees.
  • Carl Linnaeus introduced the Two Kingdom Classification: Plantae and Animalia.
  • Linnaeus distinguished between plants and animals based on mobility and food preparation.
  • The Two Kingdom Classification had limitations in distinguishing between different types of organisms.
  • Robert Whittaker introduced the Five Kingdom Classification based on cell structure, body organization, and nutrition source.

15:48

"Exploring Monera Kingdom: Bacteria and Beyond"

  • Monera Kingdom will be discussed in detail, starting with Bacteria.
  • Bacteria in the Monera Kingdom are not all disease-causing; some are beneficial.
  • Monera Kingdom consists of the oldest life forms, known as ancestors.
  • Bacteria in Monera are prokaryotic, lack distinct cell organelles, and are unicellular.
  • Monera bacteria can be autotrophic, heterotrophic, photosynthetic, or chemosynthetic.
  • Photosynthetic bacteria produce food using light energy, like green plants.
  • Chemosynthetic bacteria produce food using chemicals, like sulfur or nitrogen.
  • Bacteria in Monera Kingdom are found in various shapes and sizes.
  • Bacteria are ubiquitous, found in soil, water, plants, animals, and human bodies.
  • Symbiotic relationships exist between bacteria and other organisms, providing mutual benefits.

31:06

Bacterial Categories and Reproduction Methods Explained

  • Photosynthetic autotrophs and chemosynthetic autotrophs are categories of bacteria.
  • Heterotrophs are another category, including saprofits and parasites.
  • Heterotrophic bacteria feed on dead and decaying matter, aiding in decomposition.
  • Heterotrophic bacteria play a crucial role in producing antibiotics and curd from milk.
  • Rhizobium bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants, aiding in nitrogen fixation.
  • Mycoplasma bacteria are parasitic and lack a cell wall, causing diseases like pneumonia.
  • Monera bacteria reproduce through asexual fission or spores and sexual DNA transfer.
  • Fission involves a parent bacteria splitting into two daughter bacteria.
  • Sexual reproduction in bacteria involves genetic material transfer between two parent bacteria.
  • The process of genetic material transfer in sexual reproduction is akin to a bridge transporting goods.

46:01

Chromosome Splitting in Bacteria Leads to Evolution

  • Bacteria with mixed black and red chromosomes undergo fission, splitting chromosomes and creating copies.
  • The copied chromosomes move away from the center, resulting in two daughter bacteria with mixed chromosomes.
  • The daughters do not have genetically identical chromosomes, as one parent had all black chromosomes and the other all red.
  • This process is not asexual reproduction, as both parents contribute genetically to the daughters.
  • The daughters show evolution from both parents, with contributions from red and black chromosomes.
  • The process involves the transfer of genetic material from one parent to the other, leading to genetically distinct daughters.
  • The Monera Kingdom's story concludes, transitioning to the Protesta Kingdom.
  • Protesta organists have distinct cell organelles, including a nucleus, unlike Monera.
  • Protesta organists can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, depending on their nutrition.
  • Protesta organists can have similarities with plants, animals, or fungi, leading to classification challenges.

01:01:42

"Rough textures aid cleaning and pest control"

  • Rough texture is useful for cleaning, like body scrubbers, brushes for clothes, and face scrubs.
  • Rough textures are used in small quantities for cleaning, polishing, and in toothpaste for pest control.
  • Rough textures help in pest control by dehydrating insects through lipid absorption.
  • Dino flagellates are protests with moving flagella, including transverse and longitudinal flagella.
  • Dino flagellates have various photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll, carotene, and xanthophyll.
  • Dino flagellates have light-sensitive eye spots like Eryth Pasiyama.
  • Dino flagellates are aquatic, with some being photosynthetic and others hunting for food.
  • Euglena ids have characteristics of both plants and animals, with mobility due to flagella.
  • Euglena ids lack cell walls, have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and acquired them from green algae.
  • Slime molds are saprophytic, feeding on dead matter, with a structure of small cells forming an aggregate mass.

01:17:06

"Protozoa and Spores: Nutrition and Survival"

  • Spores have strong walls that protect them in unfavorable conditions, allowing them to germinate when favorable conditions return.
  • Spores need water for their habitat, making an aquatic or moist environment essential.
  • Protozoa have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, being either parasitic or predatory.
  • Protozoa can be parasitic, living in a host organism and causing harm, or predatory, hunting other organisms for food.
  • Protozoa have animal-like nutrition, known as holozoic nutrition.
  • Protozoa are divided into four groups: amoeboid, flagellated, ciliated, and sporozoites.
  • Amoeboid protozoa, like amoeba, have pseudopodia for movement and food intake.
  • Flagellated protozoa can be free-living or parasitic, causing diseases like sleeping sickness in humans.
  • Ciliated protozoa, like Paramecium, have cilia for rhythmic movements that aid in food intake.
  • Sporozoites are non-motile and parasitic protozoa, causing diseases like malaria.

01:33:36

Diverse Organisms: Nutrition, Reproduction, and Importance

  • Some organisms are photosynthetic, while others are pre-injection and believe in ingestion for food intake.
  • Autotrophic organisms produce their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophic organisms catch and consume other organisms.
  • The structure of some organisms, like Dino Fludge, includes a light-sensitive organ similar to human eyes.
  • Reproduction in most organisms is asexual, with some also utilizing sexual modes of reproduction.
  • Slime molds are fungus-like protests with a heterotrophic mode of nutrition, feeding on dead and decaying matter.
  • Protozoa are animal-like protests with movements like cilia or pseudopodia, showing heterotrophic nutrition and asexual reproduction.
  • Organisms play crucial roles in ecosystems, medical research, and industrial applications, emphasizing their importance in various fields.
Channel avatarChannel avatarChannel avatarChannel avatarChannel avatar

Try it yourself — It’s free.