Atomic Structure And Electrons - Structure Of An Atom - What Are Atoms - Neutrons Protons Electrons
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Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with the number of protons and electrons being equal to maintain electrical neutrality. The stability and reactivity of atoms are determined by the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus, with different requirements for stability based on the number of energy levels present.
Insights
- The composition of an atom, with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the cloud, results in an electrically neutral structure due to the balance between positive protons and negative electrons.
- Electron arrangement in shells dictates the stability and reactivity of atoms, with different elements requiring specific electron counts in their outermost shell to achieve stability, showcasing exceptions like hydrogen and helium with unique electron configurations.
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Recent questions
What are atoms made of?
Protons, neutrons, electrons.
How do electrons affect atom stability?
By their arrangement in shells.
What is the octet rule?
Atoms need 8 electrons for stability.
Are all atoms electrically neutral?
Yes, due to balanced protons and electrons.
What are exceptions to the octet rule?
Hydrogen and helium.
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Summary
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"Structure and Stability of Atoms"
- Atoms are the fundamental units of chemical elements, consisting of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and electrons in the surrounding cloud. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged, with the number of protons and electrons being equal, rendering atoms electrically neutral.
- The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus determines an atom's stability and reactivity. Atoms with one energy level require 2 electrons for stability, like helium, while those with multiple energy levels need 8 electrons in the outermost shell for stability, exemplified by neon. Exceptions to the octet rule exist, such as hydrogen and helium, which have only one shell.
