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All of Edexcel PHYSICS Paper 2 in 45 minutes - GCSE Science Revision

Science Shorts・45 minutes read

The Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 covers topics 8 to 15, including energy, forces, electricity, magnetism, particles, and their applications, with important concepts like energy transfer, efficiency, insulation, energy sources, forces, moments, pressure, electricity, circuits, resistance, and state changes explained thoroughly. Various equations and laws, such as Hooke's Law, Ohm's Law, and those related to energy calculation and energy sources, are highlighted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topics covered in the paper.

Insights

  • Energy transfer within systems is crucial, with equations like e = 0.5mv^2 and e = mgh representing different energy stores. Equations can be rearranged to find speed or equate elastic potential energy and kinetic energy, emphasizing the conservation of energy in closed systems.
  • Electricity concepts cover circuits, potential difference, and resistance, with mains voltage at 230 volts and current oscillating at 50 Hz. Safety measures like earth wires and fuses are essential, while transformers help reduce energy loss in transmission. Understanding static electricity, magnets, and the motor effect are key to comprehending electricity fundamentals.

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Recent questions

  • What is energy efficiency?

    Energy efficiency is a measure of how effectively energy is utilized, calculated as the useful energy output divided by the total energy input. It is often expressed as a percentage, indicating the amount of energy that is wasted in a system. Understanding energy efficiency is crucial in various applications to minimize energy wastage and improve overall performance.

  • How are forces represented?

    Forces can be represented as vectors, with contact and non-contact forces acting on objects. Resultant forces are found through vector addition or Pythagoras' theorem. Balanced forces result in no acceleration, following Newton's first law of motion. Weight is calculated as mass multiplied by gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg), showcasing the relationship between forces and motion.

  • What are energy sources?

    Energy sources are where energy is harnessed from, categorized into finite (fossil fuels, nuclear fuel) and renewable (wind, hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, biofuel) sources. Understanding different energy sources is essential for sustainable energy production and environmental conservation, as renewable sources offer cleaner alternatives to finite resources.

  • How is pressure calculated?

    Pressure is calculated as force divided by area, measured in Newtons per meter squared or Pascals (Pa). Water pressure increases with depth, following the formula p = hρg (height x density x gravitational field strength). Gas pressure results from gas particles colliding with surfaces, with altitude affecting atmospheric density and pressure due to variations in particle concentration.

  • What is the role of resistance in circuits?

    Resistance in components like bulbs or resistors causes energy transfer in circuits, influencing the flow of current and energy dissipation. Resistance can be measured and calculated using Ohm's law, providing insights into the behavior of components in electrical systems. Understanding resistance is crucial for designing efficient circuits and optimizing energy usage.

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Summary

00:00

"Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2: Energy, Forces, Efficiency"

  • Edexcel GCSE Physics Paper 2 covers topics 8 to 15, including energy, forces, electricity, magnetism, and particles, applicable to double combined and triple or separate science, on the Foundation tier.
  • Energy is a concept measured in Joules, with different stores like kinetic energy (calculated as e = 0.5mv^2), gravitational potential energy (e = mgh), elastic potential energy (e = 0.5ke^2), and thermal energy (e = mcΔT).
  • Energy transfer is crucial in systems, with closed systems conserving energy, allowing equating of energy amounts between different stores.
  • Equations can be rearranged to find speed, such as V = √(2 * kinetic energy / mass), or equating elastic potential energy and kinetic energy.
  • Energy efficiency is calculated as useful energy out divided by total energy in, often expressed as a percentage, indicating wasted energy.
  • Insulation practicals involve measuring temperature changes in cans wrapped with different materials to determine insulation effectiveness.
  • Energy sources are where energy is harnessed from, including finite (fossil fuels, nuclear fuel) and renewable (wind, hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, biofuel) sources.
  • Forces, including contact and non-contact forces, can be represented as vectors, with resultant forces found by vector addition or Pythagoras' theorem.
  • Balanced forces result in no acceleration, following Newton's first law of motion, with weight calculated as mass times gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg).
  • Forces can deform objects, as seen in Hooke's Law (F = kx) for elastic objects, with energy stored in a spring equal to 0.5kx^2.

13:44

Forces, Pressure, Electricity: Essential Physics Concepts

  • Moments are forces acting perpendicular to each other; balanced moments prevent objects from turning.
  • Gears are an application of moments to increase produced force.
  • Pressure is force divided by area, measured in Newtons per meter squared or Pascals (PA).
  • Water pressure increases with depth, calculated using p = hρg (height x density x gravitational field strength).
  • Gas pressure results from gas particles colliding with surfaces, increased by adding gas, reducing volume, or raising temperature.
  • Altitude affects atmospheric density and pressure due to fewer particles in a given volume.
  • Electricity is the flow of charge (electrons) from a source to a component, releasing energy.
  • Circuits involve cells/batteries, wires, and components like lamps; electrons flow from positive to negative terminals.
  • Potential difference (PD) measures energy transferred per unit charge; current is the rate of charge flow.
  • Resistance in components like bulbs or resistors causes energy transfer; resistance can be measured and calculated using Ohm's law.

27:07

Electricity Basics and Safety Measures

  • Mains voltage is 230 volts, causing current to oscillate at 50 Hz.
  • Blue wire in a socket is neutral, brown is live, and yellow-green is earth.
  • Earth wire is a safety measure to prevent electric shocks.
  • Fuse in a plug is designed to blow if current exceeds 3.5, 5, or 13 amps.
  • National Grid supplies electricity to homes and businesses.
  • Transformers are used to increase transmission voltage and reduce energy loss.
  • Insulating materials rubbing create static electricity through electron transfer.
  • Permanent magnets have North and South poles, inducing forces on particles.
  • Current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field, following specific rules.
  • Electric motors use the motor effect, requiring a split ring commutator for continuous motion.

40:43

"States of Matter and Energy Changes"

  • Different states of matter include solid, liquid, and gas, with water being a prime example that can exist in all three states.
  • Changing the state of matter, such as melting a solid or evaporating a liquid, requires supplying energy to overcome particle attraction forces.
  • Internal energy of a substance is the sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles, with equations like specific latent heat used to calculate energy needed for state changes in substances like water.
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