African Muslims in Early America

Emir-Stein Center6 minutes read

Approximately 10 to 15% of enslaved Africans were Muslims who played crucial roles in military efforts and exploration, with figures like Estevanico and Captain Moses Osman exemplifying their contributions despite facing discrimination. Enslaved Muslims preserved their cultural and religious practices, documented their experiences through writings, and blended their faith with Christianity, leaving a lasting impact on history.

Insights

  • Approximately 10 to 15% of enslaved Africans were Muslim, and their presence in America significantly influenced cultural practices and military history, with figures like Estevanico and Bampett Muhamed playing key roles in exploration and conflicts such as the Revolutionary War, despite enduring discrimination.
  • Enslaved Muslims documented their experiences through writings, with Omar Ibn Said's autobiography being a notable example, and maintained their faith by blending Islamic traditions with local customs, as seen in practices like the ring shout, which reflects the Tawaf ritual from Mecca, showcasing their resilience and cultural contributions.

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  • What is the definition of Islam?

    Islam is a monotheistic religion founded on the belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, who is considered the last prophet in a long line of prophets that includes figures like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The core tenets of Islam are encapsulated in the Five Pillars, which include the declaration of faith (Shahada), prayer (Salah), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). Muslims follow the Quran, which is regarded as the holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad. The religion emphasizes community, moral conduct, and the importance of following God's guidance in all aspects of life.

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Summary

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Enslaved Muslims: Faith and Legacy in America

  • Approximately 10 to 15% of enslaved Africans were Muslim, with many familiar with Islamic practices due to the religion's spread in Western Africa before the 1600s.
  • Enslaved Muslims, like Estevanico, who arrived in 1522, contributed to exploration and military efforts, including the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War.
  • Notable Muslim figures in military history include Bampett Muhamed and Civil War Captain Moses Osman, highlighting their significant roles despite facing discrimination.
  • Enslaved Muslims documented their experiences through letters and autobiographies, with Omar Ibn Said's 1831 autobiography being the only known one in a native African language.
  • Cultural practices, such as the ring shout and rice cakes called sarakah, reflect Islamic influences, with the ring shout mimicking the Tawaf ritual from Mecca.
  • Despite facing hostility, enslaved Muslims maintained their faith, blending Islam with Christianity, and left behind material culture, including writings and religious objects, that narrate their history.
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