8 - Figures of Speech - ÖABT 2024 İNGİLİZCE ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ

Yediiklim Yayincilik・2 minutes read

The text discusses various figures of speech in English, highlighting essential ones like allegory, allusion, anachronism, analogy, anaphora, and more. It explains each figure of speech with examples to help readers understand their usage and significance.

Insights

  • **Figures of speech in English encompass a wide range of literary devices, with key examples including allegory, allusion, metaphor, and personification, each serving a distinct purpose in enhancing the depth and impact of written works.**
  • **Understanding and recognizing essential figures of speech, such as anaphora, chiasmus, and synecdoche, can significantly enrich one's comprehension and interpretation of literary texts, offering insights into the intricate layers of meaning embedded within the language and structure of the writing.**

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Recent questions

  • What is an allegory in literature?

    A: Allegory is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in a word.

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Summary

00:00

Common Figures of Speech in English Literature

  • Figures of speech in English are numerous, but the most common ones will be focused on in this unit.
  • Figures of speech marked with a star are essential to learn.
  • Allegory is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in a word.
  • Allusion refers to a reference to another work, person, or place in a piece of writing.
  • Anachronism is a time shift in a literary work, like including a mobile phone in a play set in the 14th century.
  • Analogy demonstrates a relationship between words, often using a format like "word 1 is to word 2 as word 3 is to word 4."
  • Anaphora is the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of sentences.
  • Aphorisms are short, wise sayings reflecting general truths.
  • Apostrophe involves addressing something that cannot respond, like speaking to the stars.
  • Archaism is the use of old words in modern works, like those used in Shakespeare's time.
  • Character archetypes are easily recognizable characters with specific traits, like Hamlet as a hero or Romeo and Juliet representing young love.
  • Chiasmus is the reversal of word order in a sentence.
  • Circumlocution involves using more words than necessary to describe something, often done deliberately for vagueness.
  • Metaphors are analogies that may not be immediately clear but reveal deeper meanings upon reflection.
  • Metonymy is a figure of speech where a word is replaced by another closely related word or concept.
  • Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of something is used to represent the whole, like "all hands on deck."
  • Deus ex machina refers to an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, often seen in Ancient Greek theater.
  • Epithet is a detailed description of a visual or literary work, commonly found in poetry.

16:55

Literary Devices: Praise, Taboo, and Contradiction

  • Nicknames like Fatih Sultan Mehmet or Magnificent Süleyman are used to praise people or show certain characteristics.
  • Epitaphs are used to replace taboo or hurtful words in certain situations, like using "passed away" instead of "died."
  • Flashbacks in literature involve going back to past events after starting a story in the middle.
  • Flash forwards show events going into the future from a certain point.
  • Foreshadowing in literature hints at future events subtly, like a woman wearing a white dress before her wedding foreshadowing a tragic event.
  • Hyperbole involves exaggeration to praise or emphasize certain characteristics, like saying a child killed a bear at 3 years old.
  • Irony involves saying the opposite of what is meant, like calling someone smart when you mean they are an idiot.
  • Litotes involve using negative statements to imply a positive meaning, like saying "he couldn't win a match" to mean he is not the fastest.
  • Malapropisms are the incorrect use of words for entertainment, like comparing a match to "Overwatch Special."
  • Oxymorons involve two contradictory words coming together to create a striking effect, like "living dead" or "jumbo shrimp."

35:27

Artistic language techniques explained in brief

  • Personification involves attributing human characteristics to non-human entities, such as when saying 'He set it from the leaves' to imply 'I set you from the leaves'.
  • Projectification is introduced as a term to describe attributing human-specific features to non-human beings, creating an artistic effect.
  • Portmanteau refers to combining two or more words into a single word to represent a single concept, like 'sinyos' combining 'sing' and 'song'.
  • Parody involves exaggeration to create a comedic effect, often seen in imitating and making fun of original material, like creating a movie similar to 'Saw'.
  • Synecdoche is described as explaining the whole by referring to a part, like using 'Ankara' to represent the government or the state, showcasing the relationship between parts and wholes.
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