11th CHEMISTRY |Chapter no 3 BASIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES | ONESHOT 🎯 | PRADEEP GIRI SIR

Recent questions

• What is the definition of distillation?

  Distillation is a separation process that involves converting a liquid into vapor and then back into liquid. This technique is commonly used to purify liquids based on their boiling points. The process typically includes heating a liquid mixture in a round bottom flask until it reaches its boiling point, at which point the vapor rises into a condenser. The condenser cools the vapor, allowing it to condense back into liquid form, which is then collected in a separate container. Distillation can be performed in several ways, including simple distillation, fractional distillation, and distillation under reduced pressure, each suited for different types of mixtures and boiling point differences.

• How does chromatography work?

  Chromatography is a sophisticated separation technique that relies on the differential affinities of compounds for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. In this method, a mixture is placed on a stationary phase, which can be a solid or a liquid coated on a solid support. A mobile phase, which is typically a liquid or gas, is then passed through the stationary phase. As the mobile phase moves, different components of the mixture travel at different rates based on their interactions with the stationary phase, leading to separation. This technique is widely used in laboratories for purifying substances and analyzing complex mixtures, with various forms such as thin layer chromatography and column chromatography tailored for specific applications.

• What is the purpose of filtration?

  Filtration is a physical separation process used to remove solid particles from liquids or gases. The primary purpose of filtration is to obtain a clear liquid by separating insoluble solids from a mixture. This is achieved by passing the mixture through a filter medium, such as filter paper or a membrane, which allows the liquid to pass while retaining the solid particles. Filtration is commonly demonstrated by mixing sand and water, where the sand remains on the filter paper, and the clear water is collected below. This technique is essential in various fields, including chemistry, environmental science, and food processing, as it helps in purifying liquids and ensuring the quality of products.

• What is crystallization used for?

  Crystallization is a purification technique used to separate and purify solid compounds from a solution. The process involves forming solid crystals from a saturated solution, which occurs when the solution is cooled or when the solvent evaporates. The key steps in crystallization include preparing a saturated solution by dissolving a solid in a solvent, followed by hot filtration to remove impurities. As the solution cools, pure crystals begin to form, which can then be collected through further filtration. This method is particularly useful in chemistry for obtaining high-purity samples of substances, as it effectively separates the desired compound from impurities based on differences in solubility.

• What is solvent extraction?

  Solvent extraction is a separation technique used to isolate specific compounds from a mixture, typically involving the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another. This method is particularly effective for separating organic compounds from aqueous solutions. The process involves adding an organic solvent to the mixture, which selectively dissolves the target compound. After thorough mixing, the two layers (aqueous and organic) are allowed to separate, and the desired compound can be collected from the organic layer. Solvent extraction is widely used in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and chemical processing, as it allows for efficient separation and purification of compounds based on their solubility properties.